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Wave Particle Duality Experimental Facts

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Experimental facts

When light waves are shed onto a photoelectric material, and in specific conditions, a current of electrons is emitted out of the surface of the material.

Introduction

The graphs below represent a photoelectric material, on which light, represented by the sinusoidal curve is shed.
The characteristics of light are two:
  1. The frequency:
    The frequency in reality (in the real world) coincides to the color of the light, and can be measured when colors are not mixed. White light is made of all colors.
    The light rays in the following are chosen to be of one color only, that is a single frequency that can be represented on paper as shown.
    The frequency of light is proportional to the number of peaks per unit of length on the graph, and can be measured as so in reality.
    As an example there are 8 peaks in the first graph where there are only two in the second and third graphs.
    As such the light frequency is 4 times as high in the first graph (blue light) as it is in the other two (red light).
    For your information this ratio of 4 is not "at scale" but chosen for the clarity of the graphs.
  2. The intensity:
    The intensity in the real world coincides to the brightness of the light rather than its color.
    The intensity of light is represented as the amplitude of the curve.
    The amplitude is the height between peak and trough.
    As can be seen the waves represented in the two first graphs have the same amplitude.
    In the third graph the light wave intensity is twice as large as the light represented in either of the two first graphs and also drawn as brighter.
The ejected electrons are represented with letters e.
The speed of the electrons is represented with arrows going through the letter e. The faster the electron the longer the arrow. The slower the electron the shorter the arrow.
In physics the speed of an electron is also its energy.

The role of the Wave Frequency

Experimentations show that electrons extraction is exclusively dependent on the wave's frequency of the light hitting the photoelectric material.
In short there is a frequency treshold below which no electrons are extracted and frequencies above which electrons are extracted.
The frequencies appearing on this web page have all been chosen above the frequency treshold of the photoelectric material represented.
high frequency light  
Furthermore the higher the frequency of the wave (the bluer) the higher the energy (the speed) of the electrons emitted.
Obviously the electrons within the material are induced to move back and forth as a yoyo, along the light frequency's peaks and troughs.
An electron encountering the wave starts wobbling on a small scale, it then gets momentum and its back and forth motion takes more and more amplitude until ejected.
The higher the frequency the faster the electrons' oscillating motion within the material, and the faster they escape, or the higher their emitted speed.
On this graph the light frequency is higher than on the next and the energy of the electrons emitted, or their speeds, which is represented by the length of the arrows, is higher than on the next graph.

low frequency low amplitude light The lower the frequency of the wave (the redder) the slower the oscillating motion of the electrons within the material and the lower the speed (the motion) of the electrons emitted.
On this graph the light frequency is lower and the electrons energies (their speeds) representation follow suit, the arrows are shorter.

Decrease further the frequency and the electrons barely make it out.


Below a given wave frequency, below the treshold, no electrons are emitted.

WARNING: In the science of physics the electrons are not emitted by way of this oscillating motion; as explained below, in physics light is made of particles-photons instead, which through brute mechanical collisions, knock-off the electrons.

Both Light Frequency and Light Intensity carry Energy

The gravimotion mechanism
is an elegant alternative
to physics'
wave particle duality!

The Gravimotion Mechanism Book.

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When the wave frequency is below the extraction treshold, increasing the intensity of the wave doesn't extract any electrons.
On the other hand when the wave frequency is above the treshold, increasing the intensity of the wave will increase the number of electrons, yet not their speed.

The role of the Wave Intensity

high amplitude light When electrons are emitted (when the frequency permits) the higher the intensity of the light wave the higher the number of electrons emitted.

The light frequency on this graph is the same as the one in the graph just above. Yet the peak to peak amplitude of the wave (the light's brightness in the real world) is much higher.
As can be seen increasing the light intensity increases the number of electrons emitted but not their energy; their speed or motion remains the same.

In other words when electrons are emitted, increasing the intensity increases the number of electrons but not their individual energy (not their motion).
And when electrons are emitted, if the light intensity doesn't change, no matter the frequency, the same number of electrons are emitted. See graphs 1 and 2.

Eisntein's interpretation

Since electrons "particles" are dislodged, Einstein declared that "particles" (likened to "packets of energy") had to knock them off!
Einstein theorized that light is made of packets of energy and that these "light particles" when colliding with electrons provide the later enough speed energy as to overcome the surface barrier of the photoelectric material.

Because in "reality", or because the experiments show that the wave's frequency is the cause of emission, Einstein's particle, which has been called the photon since, is "mathematically" made of "frequency".
These "frequency" type particles, as any material particle would, allegedly impact mechanically the mass of the electrons and throw the later in motion.

Physics' photon acts as if it were made of mass, yet that very photon has no mass in physics!
Worse, and most surprisingly, that photon has no electromagnetic characteristic either!

Having no mass and being electrically neutral, the question is then: what is the fabric of the photon?
The photon has an incredible if not lethal "physical handicap"!
Obviously the nature of the photon is mathematical and not physical!
The photon is fictitious (a mathematical idea) and has no particle-like colateral in reality.
Nevertheless, since then in physics light waves travel in vacuum and transport their energy, through photons so called particles; particles that are made of nothing, particles that have no mass and no electric charge!

Gravimotion's interpretation

Induced by the wave, the oscillating motion of the electrons within the photoelectric material (gravimotion's interpretation), is pure elegance!
As a matter of fact, by comparison, the incongruity of the photon spoils human's interpretation of Nature.
Light's very electromagnetic oscillating field, acting directly on the electron's own surrounding electrical field, induces the later into a back and forth motion increasing incrementally as to permit extraction; that is simple to understand and logical.
It makes sense!
Once a professional physicist asked me the question: What do you mean by it makes sense?
Well! This web page explains what I mean by it makes sense.
To me physics' wave particle duality doesn't make sense, while the above simple and evident interpretation makes sense!
Gravimotion's "natural" interpretation is described in great details in the book on your right.
Click it to get it now, it is a limited edition!
And to read more on the subject, click: Wave Particle Duality

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